STRTOL Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (3) Updated: 10 June 2025 Index   NAME strtol - convert a string to a long integer.   SYNOPSIS #include <stdlib.h> long int strtol(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);   DESCRIPTION The strtol() function converts the string in nptr to a long integer value according to the given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0. The string must begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by followed by a single optional `+' or `-' sign. If base is zero or 16, the string may then include a `0x' prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is `0', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal). The remainder of the string is converted to a long int value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit in the given base. (In bases above 10, the letter `A' in either upper or lower case represents 10, `B' represents 11, and so forth, with `Z' representing 35.) If endptr is not NULL, strtol() stores the address of the first invalid character in *endptr. If there were no digits at all, strtol() stores the original value of nptr in *endptr. (Thus, if *nptr is not `\0' but **endptr is `\0' on return, the entire string is valid.)   RETURN VALUE The strtol() function returns the result of the conversion, unless the value would underflow or overflow. If an underflow occurs, strtol() returns LONG_MIN. If an overflow occurs, strtol() returns LONG_MAX. In both cases, errno is set to ERANGE.   ERRORS ERANGE The given string was out of range; the value converted has been clamped.   CONFORMING TO SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899   SEE ALSO   BUGS Ignores the current locale.   Index NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION RETURN VALUE ERRORS CONFORMING TO SEE ALSO BUGS This document was created by using the manual pages. Time: 11:58:06 GMT, March 24, 2025