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FTOK Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (3) Updated: November 1, 2025 Index   NAME ftok - convert a pathname and a project identifier to a System V IPC key   SYNOPSIS # include <sys/types.h> # include <sys/ipc.h> key_t ftok ( char *pathname, char proj )   DESCRIPTION The function converts the pathname of an existing accessible file and a project identifier into a key_t type System V IPC key.   RETURN VALUE On success the return value will be the converted key_t value, otherwise -1 with errno indicating the error as for the system call.   BUGS The generated key_t value is obtained stat-ing the disk file corresponding to pathname in order to get its i-node number and the minor device number of the filesystem on which the disk file resides, then by combining the 8 bit proj value along with the lower 16 bits of the i-node number, along with the 8 bits of the minor device number. The algorithm does not guarantee a unique key value. In fact * Two different names linking to the same file produce same key values. * Using the lower 16 bits of the i-node number, gives some chance (also usually small) to have same key values for file names referring to different i-nodes. * Not discriminating among major device numbers, gives some chance of collision (also usually small) for systems with multiple disk controllers.   SEE ALSO   Index NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION RETURN VALUE BUGS SEE ALSO This document was created by using the manual pages. Time: 11:58:03 GMT, March 24, 2025

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