Compilers like GCC, SML/NJ, Objective CAML, MIT-Scheme, CMUCL, etc,
do have their own generic assembler backend,
which you might choose to use,
if you intend to generate code semi-automatically
from the according languages,
or from a language you hack:
rather than write great assembly code,
you may instead modify a compiler so that it dumps great assembly code!
There is a project, using the programming language Icon
(with an experimental ML version),
to build a basis for producing assembly-manipulating code.
See around
http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~nr/toolkit/
The TUNES Project
for a Free Reflective Computing System
is developing its own assembler
as an extension to the Scheme language,
as part of its development process.
It doesn't run at all yet, though help is welcome.
The assembler manipulates abstract syntax trees,
so it could equally serve as the basis for a assembly syntax translator,
a disassembler, a common assembler/compiler back-end, etc.
Also, the full power of a real language, Scheme,
make it unchallenged as for macroprocessing/metaprogramming.